Includes bibliographical references (p. 325-333) and index.

Introduction -- Justifying war but restricting tactics -- The just war tradition and war crimes -- Humanitarian concerns -- Justificatory hurdles -- Classifying war crimes -- Summary of the arguments of the book -- Philosophical groundings -- Collective responsibility and honor during war -- The moral equality of soldiers -- The honor of soldiers -- Collective responsibility for increased vulnerability -- Harming humanity and war crimes prosecutions -- Protected persons during war -- Jus gentium and minimal natural law -- Grotius on the sources of jus gentium -- Grotian natural law theory and the rules of war -- Refining the principle of humanity -- Connecting consensual and universal sources of the rules of war -- Humane treatment as the cornerstone of the rules of war -- The Geneva conventions and international humanitarian law -- The concept of humane treatment -- Compassion and minimal suffering -- Mercy, equity, and honor -- Human rights and humane treatment -- Problems in identifying war crimes -- Killing naked soldiers : combatants and noncombatants -- Some notes on the metaphysics of social groups -- Identifying soldiers and civilians -- The guilty and the innocent -- The case of the naked soldier -- Saving the principle of discrimination -- Shooting poisoned arrows : banned and accepted weapons -- An absolute ban? -- Gentili on the use of poisons -- Grotius and fairness in contests -- Minimizing suffering -- Poisoning and necessity -- Torturing prisoners of war : protected and normal soldiers -- Grotius on slaves and prisoners -- Confinement and torture -- Fiduciary and stewardship obligations -- The moral equality of prisoners of war -- Refocusing the proportionality principle -- Normative principles -- The principle of discrimination or distinction -- Focusing on status rather than behavior -- Humane treatment and discrimination -- The naked soldier returns -- Objections -- Individualism and collectivism -- The principle of necessity -- Poisons and aerial bombardment -- Necessity and humane treatment -- Necessity in domestic and international criminal law -- Formulating a test for military necessity -- Relating proportionality and necessity -- The principle of proportionality -- The israeli case -- Humane treatment and proportionality -- Proportionality and weighing lives -- Connecting the normative principles of jus in bello -- Prosecuting war crimes -- Prosecuting soldiers for war crimes -- The Kvocka case -- The men's REA of camp guards -- Criminal liability of soldiers -- Joint criminal liability -- Collective liability and international crime -- Prosecuting military leaders for war crimes -- The case against General Blaskic -- Blaskic's appeal -- The men's REA of leaders -- Negligence in international criminal law -- Benighting acts, willfulness, and pre-commitment -- Commanded and commanding defenses -- Military leaders and necessity -- Soldiers and duress -- Mitigation of punishment for war crimes -- War and coercion -- Treating soldiers and commanders humanely -- Epilogue and conclusions -- Should terrorists be treated humanely? -- The problem of terrorists -- Who are the terrorists? -- What terrorists are owed? -- Honor and instilling humaneness -- Tu quoque -- Conclusions and the grotian project.